Category: Community Design
How to make cow manure compost
Composting is a great way to turn organic waste into nutrient-rich soil. One common material used for composting is cow manure. Cow manure is a rich source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making it an ideal ingredient for compost. In this article, we’ll discuss the steps involved in making cow manure compost.
cow dung compost
Step 1: Collecting the cow manure The first step in making cow manure compost is to collect the cow manure. You can collect it from a local farm or buy it from a garden center. Make sure that the cow manure is well-aged and has been stored for at least six months. Fresh cow manure is too strong and can burn plants, so it’s important to let it age before using it in compost.
Step 2: Preparing the compost pile The next step is to prepare the compost pile. You can use a compost turner or create a compost pile on the ground. If you’re using a compost turner, make sure it’s at least 3 feet wide, 3 feet deep, and 3 feet tall. This will ensure that there’s enough space for the cow manure to decompose properly.
cow dung compost
Step 3: Adding the cow manure Once the compost pile is ready, it’s time to add the cow manure. Spread a layer of cow manure on the bottom of the compost pile, making sure it’s evenly distributed. Then add a layer of dry leaves or straw on top of the cow manure. This will help balance the nitrogen-rich cow manure with carbon-rich material.
Step 4: Turning the compost pile After adding the cow manure and dry leaves, it’s time to turn the compost pile. This is an important step as it helps to mix the ingredients and ensure that the compost decomposes evenly. Use a cow dung compost turner to turn the compost pile every few weeks. Make sure to mix the outer layer with the inner layer to speed up the composting process.
windrow compost turner for cow dung compost
Step 5: Watering the compost pile Cow manure compost needs to be kept moist, but not too wet. Water the compost pile regularly to keep it moist. If the compost pile is too wet, it can become anaerobic, which can slow down the decomposition process. Aim for a moisture content of around 50%.
Step 6: Checking the temperature of the compost pile As the cow manure compost decomposes, it will generate heat. Check the temperature of the compost pile regularly using a compost thermometer. The ideal temperature for composting cow manure is between 120 and 150 degrees Fahrenheit. If the temperature is too low, the compost pile may not decompose properly. If the temperature is too high, it can kill the beneficial microorganisms that break down the compost.
Step 7: Harvesting the compost After several weeks or months, the cow manure compost will be ready to use. The compost will be dark brown and crumbly, with a rich earthy smell. Use a garden fork to harvest the compost from the bottom of the pile. Spread the compost over your garden beds or mix it with potting soil to enrich it with nutrients.
In conclusion, making cow manure compost is a simple process that requires a little patience and effort. By following these steps, you can turn cow manure into a nutrient-rich soil amendment that will benefit your plants and the environment.
Of course, you can check this page for more details about how to make cow manure compost!
How To Use Goat Manure As Fertilizer?
Goat manure is an excellent source of organic fertilizer. It is rich in nutrients that are essential for plant growth and development. Using goat manure as fertilizer is an excellent way to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. In this essay, we will discuss how to use goat manure as fertilizer effectively.
windrow type composting machine for sale
Before using goat manure as fertilizer, it is essential to understand the properties of the manure. Fresh goat manure is high in nitrogen and phosphorus but low in potassium. Therefore, it is best to age the manure before using it as fertilizer. Aged goat manure is less potent but contains a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
The first step in making goat manure fertilizer is to collect the manure. You can collect goat manure from your own goats or purchase it from a local farmer. It is essential to collect only fresh manure and not the bedding or other materials in the goat pen.
Once you have collected the manure, you need to age it before using it as fertilizer. To age goat manure, spread it out in a pile or bin and allow it to decompose naturally. The aging process can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the weather and other conditions. During the aging process, the manure will break down, and beneficial microorganisms will develop, which will help to enrich the soil.
After the goat manure has aged, you can use it as fertilizer. One of the best ways to use goat manure as fertilizer is to mix it into the soil. To do this, spread the aged manure over the soil and till it in with a garden fork or tiller. This will help to distribute the nutrients evenly throughout the soil, which will improve soil fertility and promote healthy plant growth.
organic fertilizer making machine for sale
Another way to use goat manure as fertilizer is to make a tea. To make goat manure tea, fill a large bucket or container with aged goat manure and add water. Let the mixture sit for a few days, stirring occasionally. The water will become infused with the nutrients from the manure, creating a potent liquid fertilizer. Use this tea to water your plants and vegetables, which will provide them with a boost of essential nutrients.
Finally, you can use goat manure as a top dressing for your plants. This involves sprinkling the aged manure on top of the soil around your plants. As the manure decomposes, it will release nutrients into the soil, which will benefit your plants. This method is especially useful for plants that require a lot of nutrients, such as tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers.
When using goat manure as fertilizer, it is important to avoid using too much. Excessive amounts of nitrogen can burn plants and damage the soil. It is best to start with small amounts and gradually increase the dosage as needed. It is also important to avoid using fresh goat manure as fertilizer. Fresh manure can contain harmful bacteria and pathogens that can infect plants and cause health problems for humans.
In conclusion, goat manure is an excellent source of organic fertilizer that can help to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. Before using goat manure as fertilizer, it is essential to age it and understand its properties. You can use goat manure as fertilizer by mixing it into the soil, making a tea, or using it as a top dressing. By following these simple steps, you can use goat manure to improve the health and productivity of your garden or farm.
You can check our website to pick this one you like!
poultry manure drying machine
Poultry manure drying machine is a type of equipment used for drying poultry manure, which is one of the most commonly used organic fertilizers in agriculture. Poultry manure contains a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other trace elements, which can provide nutrients for crops and improve soil fertility. However, the moisture content of fresh poultry manure is high, which can easily cause environmental pollution and reduce the fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to dry the poultry manure before use.
Poultry manure drying machine can effectively solve the problem of poultry manure drying. The machine is designed with a special structure, which can quickly and efficiently remove the moisture in the manure and make it into a dry and granular form, which is easy to store and transport. The poultry manure drying machine has many advantages, including high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental protection.
The poultry manure drying machine has a unique design that allows it to dry the poultry manure quickly and evenly. The machine is equipped with a high-speed rotating drum, which can continuously stir the manure and break it up into small particles. At the same time, hot air is blown into the drum to evaporate the moisture in the manure. The machine also has a temperature control system, which can automatically adjust the temperature of the hot air to ensure that the manure is dried at the appropriate temperature.
The poultry manure drying machine has a high efficiency in drying poultry manure. Compared with traditional drying methods, such as sun drying and air drying, the poultry manure drying machine can significantly reduce the drying time and improve the drying efficiency. The machine can dry the poultry manure to a moisture content of less than 15%, which meets the requirements of most fertilizer production processes.
The poultry manure drying machine is also energy-efficient. The machine uses a special heat source, such as biomass or natural gas, to provide the heat energy needed for drying. Compared with traditional drying methods that rely on sunlight or electric heating, the poultry manure drying machine can save a lot of energy and reduce the cost of production. At the same time, the machine has a low emission of pollutants and does not produce harmful gases, which can effectively protect the environment.
In addition, the poultry manure drying machine has a wide range of applications. In addition to drying poultry manure, the machine can also be used to dry other organic materials, such as cow dung, pig manure, and sewage sludge. The dried materials can be used as organic fertilizers, fuel, or feed.
In conclusion, the poultry manure drying machine is an essential equipment for modern agriculture. It can effectively solve the problem of poultry manure drying, reduce environmental pollution, and improve fertilizer efficiency. The machine has many advantages, including high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental protection. With the development of agriculture, the poultry manure drying machine will play an increasingly important role in promoting sustainable agriculture and protecting the environment.
As a supplier of fertilizer making machine, we offer several hot types of poultry manure drying machines. You can check our website to pick this one you like!
How To Make Pellets From Compost
There are very innovative, yet simplistic machines, that are capable of converting various types of compost into pellets. Whether you have a cattle ranch, chicken farm, or if you raise other types of livestock, you likely have tons of material that you could use every day. The concept itself is relatively simple.
The material is placed into the machine where it will be spun at a high rate of speed. Through the power of centrifugal force, the granules that are produced can then be dried and stored, providing you and your business with manure that can be used in the future. Pellets make it very easy to spread the manure, plus it will decompose slowly over time. It’s a great way to utilize what is naturally produced by your own livestock, and there are many machines that can convert this material on a daily basis.
The Process Itself
There are actually a couple of steps to this process. First of all, the raw wet manure needs to be dried. Once that is done, this organic fertilizer can be changed into a powder. It is this powder that will then be converted into pellets. Although there are several steps to this process, modern technology makes it possible for this to occur hour after hour. There are different machines, including a pan granulation machine, which can produce tons of this material.
Compost Pellet Production Line
How To Assess These Machines
These machines can be assessed by looking at three or four different factors. First of all, there is the capacity of the machine itself. The higher the capacity, the more pellets you will be able to produce. You should also consider the type of power, and how much power, that these machines will use. The size of the machine, in regard to its overall volume, should also be a consideration. You may not have a lot of room at your current place of business. Therefore, you will need to choose between the smaller or larger units that are available. Perhaps the final consideration is the price, but you should also consider where this machine will be originating from. If it happens to be in a foreign country, you must consider the cost of shipping, and how soon it will arrive, especially if you are on a very specific schedule.
How Are The Pellets Made?
Once the dry manure is made into a powder, it can then be placed into one of these organic compost granulation machines. As mentioned before, they will use centrifugal force to produce the pellets. This means that there is significant high speed rotation occurring. The material you are using should not have any more than 30% moisture or water content. This will allow it to interact freely without clogging the system. It is also essential that the powder be uniform in the distribution of moisture. This will lead to more uniform sizes for the pellets that are created. By adding binders to this material, during the granulation process, intermodular forces will bring everything together. What you will end up with or thousands of pellets that can be stored or used immediately. This is how most of these machines produce organic fertilizing pellets.
It is imperative that you get several different estimates from a variety of companies. They could be differentiated by the size of the business, or what the business tends to focus upon. If you are fortunate enough to find a manufacturer that is one of the premier compost pellet making machine manufacturers, you can feel confident about its capabilities. Whether you need one of these or several of these units, they should be able to ship everything in a reasonable amount of time. You will soon have a fully adjustable and efficient pellet making machine designed for producing compost pellets for your business.
More detailed info on machines to make pellet compost, go to https://manuretofertilizer.com/compost-pellet-machine/
What is Express
Express delivery, also known as express delivery or express delivery, refers to a new mode of transportation in which logistics enterprises (including freight forwarders) deliver documents or parcels entrusted by users quickly and safely from the sender’s door to the recipient’s door (hand delivery) through their own independent network or through joint venture cooperation (i.e. networking).
Express delivery can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In the broad sense, express delivery refers to the delivery of any goods (including bulk cargo); in the narrow sense, express delivery refers to the urgent delivery service of business documents and small pieces. The object of this textbook research and analysis is mainly the express industry in a narrow sense. According to the standard of service, express delivery generally refers to express delivery service completed within 48 hours. From the definition of express delivery, the following three characteristics of express delivery can be summarized:
From the economic category, express delivery is a branch of the logistics industry, and the research of express delivery belongs to the category of logistics.
From the perspective of business operation, express delivery is a new mode of transportation and an important link in the supply chain.
From the nature of operation, express delivery is a new service trade with high added value.
The Practice of Lifelong Learning in Different Countries
Since the establishment of the theory of lifelong education, it has been attached great importance by all countries. Channels, and with the principle of lifelong education to restructure and design their own national education system, trying to establish a comprehensive implementation of lifelong education system from kindergarten to university for the aged, from family education to enterprise education.
1. Making Regulations
Through legislation, many countries have established the theory of lifelong education in law as the basic guiding ideology for the development and reform of education in China today and in the future. For example, Japan established the Lifelong Learning Bureau in 1988 and promulgated and implemented the Lifelong Learning Revitalization and Rectification Act in 1990. In the United States, a Lifelong Education Bureau was set up within the Federal Bureau of Education, and the Lifelong Learning Act was enacted and promulgated in 1976. In 1971, the French National Assembly enacted and passed a relatively perfect adult education law, the Lifelong Vocational Education Act, and in 1984 passed a new Vocational Continuing Education Act, which made Supplementary Provisions on some issues. In Korea, lifelong education was written into the Constitution in the early 1980s, and lifelong education policy began to be implemented. Many countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and Canada have enacted corresponding laws for lifelong education.
2. Incorporating Adult Education
In 1976, the Nairobi Conference adopted the Recommendations on the Development of Adult Education, which proposed that adult education should be part of lifelong education as a whole, and that education should not be limited to the school stage, but should be extended to all aspects of life and to all areas of skills and knowledge. Under the influence of this idea of lifelong education, governments all over the world regard adult education as the forerunner to promote the process of lifelong education, attach great importance to adult education, and ensure the development of adult education by making laws. In 1976, Norway was the first country in the world to adopt the Adult Education Act, which regarded adult education as the basis of lifelong learning system and promoted coordination and cooperation in various fields of adult education. In 1982, Korea enacted the Social (Adult) Education Act and institutionalized social (Adult) education. The education plan adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1973 classifies adult education as the fourth kind of education in parallel with the primary, secondary and higher education of general education. In order to ensure the implementation of adult education, many effective measures have been taken in many countries, such as flexible policies on admission conditions, paid education leave system, economic assistance, and the establishment of adult credit cumulative courses.
3. Opening to the Society
Changing the closed structure of schools and forming an open and flexible educational structure is an important practice in implementing lifelong education in various countries. In 1995, Japan held a “Lifelong Learning Review Conference” composed of well-known people from all walks of life, which required higher education institutions to open their doors to society and widely absorb in-service adults into higher education institutions. Adult universities in Japan have been incorporated into the University plan. Some senior high schools also hold open lectures to make high schools open to the community and play the role of cultural center of the school. In the United States, especially after the 1960s, social colleges aimed at district development have been vigorously developed, and their openness to adults has reached almost no limit. Many universities have set up university opening departments to carry out educational activities for “non-traditional students”. There are also open universities and adult education ministries in the UK, which provide adult education. In many countries in Europe, universities provide opportunities for continuing and returning education through public lectures, adult education centers and correspondence courses.
4. Developing in Various Channels
Many countries consciously incorporate cultural organizations, community organizations, vocational associations, enterprises and institutions into the lifelong education system, making full use of all kinds of resources and facilities with educational strength and value in society, so as to integrate education and society. In 1988, Japan put forward the proposal of “transition to lifelong education system”, developing social education organizations, establishing learning information networks, establishing a lifelong education system integrating family, society and school education, and incorporating various scientific and cultural facilities such as cultural clubs, libraries, museums and activity centers into the scope of education. Many non-educational institutions in the United States, such as prisons, trade unions, the military and hospitals, are also actively engaged in adult education. Many companies also provide training to their employees on a regular basis.
Although all countries have made some achievements in the field of lifelong education, on the whole, lifelong education is still in practice in all countries in the world, and no country has really established a complete lifelong education system.
The real life adventures of Sam Village in the Polar Region are recorded in the streets
By CSB, 20 June 2011
His people sent a polar bear to save their way of life to find itself driving an ice-cream truck around the suburbs, with the aim of reversing global warming, one ice-cream at a time.
Polar Sam Episode #4
The village in the box hit the street.
EPISODE #4 (Previously…… Sun Sam was pushing out a village in a box; he pulled all his ideas aside to concentrate on the task at hand and cheerfully announced them to his small but completely fascinated audience. “This is performance time!”
The equally lively village scene is located in the box container outside the village, full of the entire side of the Polar Sam truck.
“Well,” Sam said, “how do you live? Suburban residents can become………………………………………………………………………………………… “The boys cheered. Doc and Kid Suburbia clapped and grinned, plunged into the passion of Polar Sam.
Blow to the size of the large screen, the details become clearer. “Look! There are sailboats in the lake. ”
Sam’s “remote control” chip.
“There’s another kayak”, “and two swans”, “three ducks!” “Those people are fishing?!” All the water captured the imagination of the boys. The Santa Fe River barely runs, and spring has only one month at most. Or in August’s “monsoon season” rains.
“Where can we get all this water?” Doc Plaza asked suspiciously. “Of course, it’s noticeable, but as Santa Fe gets bigger and bigger, all the water has flowed into the new home, and the river is rather dry.”
“Those’Life machines’are excellent. Imagine that there are several greenhouses in every block. Biological products can decompose anything, even PCBs! “Sam has started now. “So we go into sewer lines, solar pumps into greenhouses, and in a series of high-end translucent glass fibre tanks, water is purified by biomass. Add ultraviolet disinfector and Wallah! Freshwater, higher quality than the original tap water! So the neighbors got fresh fruits and vegetables and fish in the sink, the river was filled all year round, the aquifer was replenished, and the water eventually fed back to Rio Grand without any pollutants, such as medicines! ”
The boys cheered again. The suburban children stared at Polar Sam incredibly. In his ice cream delivery, Uncle Sam’s vest and tail, and his red and white peeled hat, “He looks a little like a clown,” the child said to himself. But seeing the elegance and beauty of his vision in front of him… “This guy is a genius,” he said to himself.
Speaking loudly, Kid Suburbia lashed out, “Can you take it off the Peace Pop stick?”
Sam just laughed at him. “Oh, there’s more!”
Sam continued, “You know how you say it’s so boring, and there’s a group of old ladies living in a 2,400-square-foot house near your home? When the children grow up, their husbands die, or they divorce, but she lives alone, and she wants to stay near her home? Well, imagine these small squares surrounded by Casitas. Your ladies and friends can scale down and stay with their neighbors. She can remain independent and take long walks with friends and shopping. If she needs it, she can get help from the children in the local elementary school. ”
Doc Plaza interposed: “It sounds like a new version of the past, like a big family. I can stand this. ”
The children’s suburban residents laughed. “Yes, then all your girlfriends will be in one place.”
“Hey, don’t knock on it,” Doc retorted. “If I don’t shoot you first, you can live longer than your wife. It’s a great thing to make things easier for people in the middle of the day.”
Kid Suburbia is quiet. “My best friend Harold has been complaining about moving to a smaller place. He wanted to stay in the hood, but he was tired of keeping such a big house. I miss him already. It would be great if our community had one of these high-level Placitas! ”
“Hey brother!” Sam almost shouted. He raised the child’s paw to five. “Welcome to the amazing power of Box in Village!” Four people exchanged senior five. They didn’t know exactly why, but Bells’enthusiasm made them sell it.
Greenhouse Gases
Not every gas in the atmosphere absorbs intensely long-wave radiation from the ground. The greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere are called greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, freon and water vapor. They absorb almost all the long-wave radiation emitted from the ground, and only a very narrow region absorbs very little, so they are called “window region”. It is through this window that the earth returns 70% of the heat from the sun to the space in the form of long-wave radiation, thus maintaining the ground temperature unchanged. The greenhouse effect is mainly due to the increase in the number and variety of greenhouse gases by human activities, which makes the 70% value decrease and the remaining heat makes the earth warm.
What is greenhouse gas?
However, although CO2 and other greenhouse gases have a strong ability to absorb long-wave radiation from the ground, their amount in the atmosphere is very small. If the atmospheric state of pressure as a atmospheric pressure and temperature of 0 C is called the standard state, then the whole atmosphere of the earth is compressed to this standard state, its thickness is 8000 meters. At present, the content of CO 2 in the atmosphere is 355 ppm, or 355 parts per million. Converting it to the standard state, it will be 2.8 meters thick. This is 2.8 meters thick in the atmosphere of 8,000 meters thick. Methane content is 1.7 ppm, corresponding to 1.4 cm thick. The ozone concentration is 400 ppb (ppb is one thousandth of ppm), which is only 3 mm thick after conversion. Nitrous oxide is 310 ppb, 2.5 mm thick. There are many kinds of freon, but the most abundant Freon 12 in the atmosphere is only 400 ppt (ppt is one thousandth of ppb), converted to the standard state of only 3 microns. This shows that there are few greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It is also for this reason that human release without restrictions can easily lead to rapid global warming.
History of development
As early as 1938, British meteorologist Carlinda pointed out that CO2 concentration had risen by 6% since the beginning of the century after analyzing sporadic CO2 observations around the world at the end of the 19th century. He also found that there was a warming tendency in the world from the end of last century to the middle of this century, which caused great repercussions in the world. To this end, Kellin of Scripps Oceanographic Research Institute established an observatory in 1958 at an altitude of 3,400 meters in the Maunaroya Mountains of Hawaii, and began the precise observation of atmospheric CO2 content. Because Hawaii is located in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean. Therefore, it can be considered that it is not affected by terrestrial air pollution and the observation results are reliable.
From April 1958 to June 1991, the atmospheric CO2 concentration in the Maunaroya Mountains was observed. It was found that the atmospheric CO2 content in 1958 was only about 315 ppm, which reached 355 ppm in 1991. The seriousness of the problem also lies in the fact that only about half of the 5.5 billion tons of fossil fuels (about 4 tons of CO2 per ton) that humans burn annually (1996) enter the atmosphere and the rest are mainly absorbed by marine and terrestrial plants. Once the ocean is saturated with CO2, the atmospheric CO2 content will increase exponentially. In addition, they also found seasonal variations in CO2 content, with a difference of 6 ppm between winter and summer. This is mainly due to the winter drought and summer glory of vegetation on the vast continents of the Northern Hemisphere, that is, plants absorb CO2 in summer, which makes the atmospheric CO2 concentration relatively lower.
Includings
According to the determination of CO2 concentration in the air of sealed bubbles in the Antarctic and Greenland continental ice sheets, the CO2 content in the atmosphere has been relatively stable for a long time in the past, about 280 ppm. Only from the mid-18th century, before and after the Industrial Revolution began to rise steadily. That is to say, it took 240 years for human beings to increase the atmospheric CO2 concentration from 280 ppm to 355 ppm.
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO2. Although its concentration in the atmosphere is much lower than CO2, its growth rate is much higher. According to the Second Climate Change Assessment Report issued by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1996, CO2 increased by 30% in 240 years from 1750 to 1990, while methane increased by 145% in the same period. Methane, also known as biogas, is produced when organic matter decays under anoxic conditions. For example, paddy fields, compost and animal manure all produce biogas. Nitrogen monoxide is also known as laughing gas, because inhaling a certain concentration of this gas can cause facial muscle spasm, which looks like laughing. It is mainly produced by burning fossil fuels and organisms using chemical fertilizers. Although the ozone content in the atmosphere decreases in the stratosphere, it increases in the troposphere, which will be discussed later. Freon gases are compounds of chlorine, fluorine and carbon; they do not exist in nature and are entirely human-made. Because of its low melting point and boiling point, non-flammable, non-explosive, odorless, harmless and excellent stability, it is widely used in the manufacture of refrigerants, foaming agents and cleaners. Although the highest concentrations of Freon 12 and 11 in the earth’s atmosphere are very few, their growth rates have been very high in the past, both of which are 5% per year. Because of its severe destruction of the ozone layer in the atmosphere, its concentration in the atmosphere is expected to decrease gradually from the beginning of the 21st century according to the 1987 International Montreal Protocol.
It should be noted that although the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases other than CO2 is much lower than that of CO2, some of them are several orders of magnitude smaller, their greenhouse effect is much stronger than that of CO2. Therefore, their contribution to atmospheric greenhouse effect, according to the second IPCC Report, is only one order of magnitude lower than that of CO2. If their total contribution to the greenhouse effect of the Earth’s atmosphere is small compared with CO2 before 1960, it is not negligible that in the near future they will go hand in hand with CO2 and even exceed CO2.
April 2, 2018, DOE Labor
Learn How To Compost
Ways to Make Composts
How to Compost
The Method of Making Compost Fertilizer from Straw
- Method of composting:
- Site selection Fertilizer-making site should be located in the leeward sunward area with flat terrain and close to the water source, which can be made in the open air all the year round. A kind of
- Material preparation (Take 1 ton of dry straw as an example)
(1) 1000 kg of crop straw.
(2) 20 kg corn flour or wheat bran or rice bran, and 5-10 kg urea can be added if conditions permit.
(3) Bacillus Yikang compost fermentation strain 400g (two bags of this product).
Production method
(1) The length of straw (e.g. corn straw) should be 1-3 centimeters when it is crushed or cut by a hay cutter (wheat straw, rice straw, leaves, weeds, peanut seedlings, bean straw, etc.) can be fermented directly, but the fermentation effect is better after crushing.
(2) Water the crushed or cut straw with water to wet and permeate, and the moisture content of straw is generally controlled at about 60%.
(3) Mix 20 kilograms of corn flour (or wheat bran or rice bran) with 400 grams of bacteria. Sprinkle corn flour (or wheat bran or rice bran) mixed with bacteria evenly on the surface of straw irrigated with water by hand. Use spade and other tools to turn over and mix, stack into long strips of 2 meters wide, 1.5 meters high and unlimited length, and cover them tightly with plastic cloth.
Decay process
(1) Warming up stage: from room temperature to 45 C, generally only one day, at this time can turn over the stack.
(2) In the future, when the heap temperature reaches above 60 C, it needs to be turned over, and the basic state of decomposition can be reached in 15-20 days, and the fertilizer can be applied directly. Maturity mark straw turns brown or black-brown, soft and elastic when wet, brittle and fragile when dry.
Application Method
(1) Straw fertilizer is generally used as base fertilizer and can be applied wetly. Soil should be covered for topdressing. Semi-decomposed fertilizer is applied to crops with longer growth period, straw fertilizer with higher maturity is applied to crops such as melons, fruits and vegetables with shorter growth period, semi-decomposed fertilizer is used in sandy soil, and fertilizer with higher maturity is best applied to clay soil.
(2) Straw fertilizer is rich in organic matter, balanced nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and contains various trace elements. It is a suitable fertilizer for all kinds of crops and soils. It has remarkable effects on improving crop quality and increasing yield. A kind of
Note: It is suggested that 20-30% livestock and poultry manure or other organic substances should be properly added in composting, so that the fertilizer efficiency is better and more comprehensive.
（3）Rapid Fermentation of Straw Returning to Field:
Quick Returning Technology: Digging Trough – Stacking Straw – Adding Bacteria and Yikang – Sealing
1) Digging trough: Digging a low trough 1.5-2 m wide and 0.3 m deep in idle fields such as fields and courtyards, the length of which can be determined according to the amount of straw. _
2) Stacking straw: According to the standard of 60% moisture content of straw (i.e. holding the water in groups and keeping the watermarking by hand without dripping, it is appropriate to lay down and disperse), so that the straw can absorb enough moisture and accumulate straw in the tank.
3) Adding organic fertilizer starter: first, add 1 bag (200g) of Bacteria Yikang to dilute 20 kg corn flour or rice bran or wheat bran (1000 kg straw material), then stack straw while adding animal manure or urea to adjust C/N ratio and evenly sprinkle corn flour with Bacteria Yikang. Or rice bran or wheat bran.
4) Sealing: When the pile is about 1:5 meters high, photograph it and seal it with clay or plastic film. About 15 days in summer and 40 days in winter can be fertilized and returned to the field.
Quick in-situ Returning Technology of Straw Returning to the Field: Straw Crushing-Adding Bacteria Yikang and Feces-Sealing-Tillage-Tillage
1) Straw crushing: The straw is crushed into small segments of about 3-4 cm with a crusher.
2) Add Bacteria Yikang: first, add 2 bags of Bacteria Yikang (400 grams) into 40 kg corn flour or rice bran, wheat bran dilution; decomposed feces and urine 300 kg; all kinds of straw 700 kg. Mix the above materials well, then add water, adjust the moisture content of straw to about 60%, accumulate in the earth and compact slightly. A kind of
3) Sealing: After accumulating the material, the material is sealed with mud. A kind of
4) Tillage: Sprinkle the rotten straw evenly on the ground, and immediately carry out deep tillage, raking and further maturation of the straw.
Rapid Decomposition and Return of Rice Straw to Field Technology Harvesting Fertilizing Adding Green Seedlings to Strengthen Throwing Seedlings
1) Harvesting: one is to keep high stubble harvested, tail grass left in the field, 100% straw returned to the field; the other is low stubble harvested, after threshing also returned to the field in full.
2) Fertilization: Planned application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in the field.
3) Bacterial Yikang: According to 1000 kg of straw, add 500 grams of Bacterial Yikang, evenly sprinkle in the field. When applied, the water layer in the field was 2-3 cm.
4) Seedling throwing: After applying Bacillus Yikang, the farmland can be thrown for one day. When throwing rice seedlings, the surface of the field should maintain a certain water layer. The water layer of the high stubble paddy field and straw strip mulch is shallow, 2-3 cm. The paddy field covered with straw is deep, about 5 cm. Submerged straw is the standard to ensure the contact between seedling roots and water.
Technical Operating Points
1) Adequate moisture: straw must absorb enough water, the moisture content is generally controlled at about 60%. A kind of
2) Adjust the appropriate C/N: Add appropriate amount of animal manure or nitrogen fertilizer to regulate the C/N of the compost.
3) Blend material: Bacteria Yikang added should be evenly sprinkled in straw, or stirred evenly with utensils.
4) Ventilation: Microorganisms ferment faster under aerobic conditions, and the condition of ventilation will directly affect the stalk maturation rate. So don’t step on it when stacking, in order to facilitate ventilation. After stacking, it is sealed with mud mixed with straw. When the temperature in the stack exceeds 65 degrees, ventilation or dump should be adopted.
5) Sealing: When stacking, the surrounding and top of the reactor should be sealed to prevent water evaporation and nutrient loss.
6) Warming up: When composting straw in winter or cold area, plastic film is added to the compost to increase the temperature. Fourth, attention should be paid to the sufficient moisture content of materials for stacking and composting, the uniform mixing, sealing, heat preservation and water retention, so as to ensure that straw is quickly matured and accumulated without stepping on it, and take a slight photo.
Last, the suitable area, all kinds of straw crops can be treated by straw composting and returning technology after harvesting.
How to generate your own organic fertiliser from poultry waste and farm waste
May 17, 2023
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Generating your own organic fertilizer from poultry waste and farm waste is not only an eco-friendly solution but also a cost-effective way to enrich your soil and enhance the overall health of your plants. By harnessing the nutrient-rich properties of these waste materials, you can create a sustainable and self-sufficient system that promotes a healthier environment. In this article, Shunxin will explore the steps involved in generating your own organic fertilizer from poultry waste and farm waste.
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The first step in the process is to gather the necessary materials. You will need poultry waste, such as chicken manure, along with farm waste, such as crop residues, grass clippings, and leftover plant material. It is important to ensure that the poultry waste is collected from healthy birds and that no antibiotics or chemicals have been administered to them. Similarly, the farm waste should be free from pesticides and herbicides.
Once you have collected the waste materials, the next step is to compost them. Composting is a natural decomposition process that converts organic matter into nutrient-rich humus. Start by creating a compost pile in a suitable location. Make sure the area receives adequate sunlight and is well-drained. Layer the poultry waste and farm waste, alternating between dry and wet materials. Dry materials can include straw, sawdust, or dried leaves, while wet materials encompass green plant trimmings and poultry manure.
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To accelerate the decomposition process, it is advisable to turn the compost pile regularly. This helps to introduce oxygen, which is essential for the growth of beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms that break down the organic matter. Additionally, ensure that the compost pile remains moist but not overly wet. If the compost becomes too dry, sprinkle water to maintain the proper moisture level.
Over time, the compost pile will heat up as a result of microbial activity. This is an indication that the decomposition process is underway. Regularly check the temperature of the compost pile with a thermometer, aiming for a range between 130°F and 150°F (54°C and 65°C). If the temperature exceeds this range, turn the pile more frequently to cool it down. On the other hand, if the temperature remains too low, consider adding nitrogen-rich materials, such as grass clippings or poultry manure, to boost the decomposition process.
The composting process typically takes several weeks to several months, depending on various factors such as temperature, moisture, and the size of the compost pile. During this time, monitor the compost for any foul odors. A well-maintained compost pile should have an earthy smell, while unpleasant odors may indicate an imbalance in the composting process. Adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio by adding more dry or wet materials accordingly.
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Once the compost has fully decomposed, it will resemble dark, crumbly soil and emit a pleasant earthy aroma. At this stage, it is ready to be used as organic fertilizer. Spread the compost over your garden beds or mix it with potting soil for potted plants. The nutrient-rich organic matter will improve soil structure, retain moisture, and provide essential nutrients to your plants, promoting their growth and productivity.
By generating your own organic fertilizer from poultry waste and farm waste, you not only reduce the amount of waste that goes to landfills but also create a sustainable source of nutrients for your plants. This practice promotes a circular economy where waste is transformed into valuable resources. Start composting today and reap the benefits of healthier plants, reduced environmental impact, and increased self-sufficiency in your gardening endeavors.
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