Category: Recycling


cow dung powder making machine

May 5, 2023

Agriculture, Animal Farm, Animal manure management, BB fertilizer production, Bentonite Pellets Making Mahcine, Cow dung as fertilizer, Cow dung fertilizer making machine, Dispose of animal manure, Double Roller Granulator, Dry fertilizer pellet mking machine, Earthworms, Etc, Enterpreneurship, Fertilizer, fertilizer coater, fertilizer coating machine, Fertilizer Drying Machine, fertilizer equipment, Fertilizer Factory, Fertilizer Granulating Machine, fertilizer granulator, fertilizer making, fertilizer making machine, Fertilizer Plant, fertilizer processing, fertillizer production line, Fiber, Financing, Food, Fuels, Fun, Governanace & Policy, granular compound fertilizer production equipment, Granulating Machine For Fertilizer, Growing, Health, Life Long Learning, machine for coating fertilizer pellets, making bio fertilizer, making organic fertilizer, manure recycling, Manure separator, Nature, NPK compound fertilizer production line, organic fertilizer granulator, Organic fertilizer making line, Organic fertilizer manufacturing, organic fertilizer manufacturing process, Organic Fertilizer Producing, Organic Fertilizer Production, Organic Fertilizer Production Line, organic fertilizer production machine, Organic Fertilizer Wet Granulating, Organic Waste Compost, Pelletizer Used For Bentonite, Polar Sam, poultry manure pelletizer, powdery organic fertilizer making, Process, Processing, Project Solutions, Recreation, Recycling, Safety Nets, Sequestrattion, Shared Stuff, Solid Waste, Storage, Technology, Time & Money, Transit, Trransporation

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Cow dung powder making machines are a relatively new innovation that has been developed to make the process of converting cow dung into usable fertilizer much easier and more efficient. This machine is a vital tool for farmers and gardeners who are looking for a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way to enrich their soil and improve the quality of their crops.

powder fertilizer production line site

powder fertilizer production line site

Cow dung, which is also known as cow manure, is a natural by-product of the cattle industry. It is a rich source of nutrients and organic matter that can be used to improve soil health and promote plant growth. However, cow dung is typically quite difficult to handle and process, as it is often wet and contains a high percentage of water.

The cow dung powder making machine is designed to overcome these challenges by drying and pulverizing the cow dung into a fine powder that can be easily stored, transported, and applied to crops. The machine consists of several components, including a drying system, a pulverizing system, and a screening system.

The first step in the process is to dry the cow dung. This is typically done by exposing the dung to heat in a drying chamber. The temperature and humidity inside the chamber are carefully controlled to ensure that the dung is dried thoroughly but does not become too hot or brittle.

Once the dung is dry, it is pulverized using a machine called a pulverizer. This machine uses a series of blades or hammers to break the dried dung into small particles. The particles are then screened to remove any large or uneven pieces, leaving behind a fine powder that is ready to be used as fertilizer.

The cow dung powder making machine offers several advantages over traditional methods of processing cow dung. For one, it is much faster and more efficient, allowing farmers to process large quantities of dung in a relatively short amount of time. Additionally, the machine is much more hygienic than traditional methods, as it reduces the risk of contamination from pathogens and other harmful microorganisms that can be present in wet cow dung.

powder fertilizer production line site

powder fertilizer production line site

Another benefit of the cow dung powder making machine is that it produces a high-quality fertilizer that is rich in nutrients and organic matter. This fertilizer can be used to improve soil health and promote plant growth, leading to higher crop yields and better-quality produce.

In conclusion, the cow dung powder making machine is a valuable tool for farmers and gardeners who are looking for a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly way to improve their soil and promote plant growth. With its fast and efficient processing capabilities, high-quality output, and hygienic operation, this machine is a must-have for anyone who wants to maximize their agricultural productivity while minimizing their impact on the environment.

You can check this page for more about !

https://www.manuremanagementplan.com/powder-fertilizer-production-line-for-goat-manure-disposal/

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poultry manure drying machine

April 29, 2023

Agriculture, Animal Farm, Animal manure management, bio fertilizer production line, bio fertilizer production project, Biotech, Bulk blending fertilizer making, Business Manufaturer, Business Supplier, Car Share, Carbon, chemical fertilizer making, chicken compost, chicken manure composting, Community Design, Complex fertilizer manufacturing system, Compost Equipment, compost fertilizer production, Compost Technology, Composting, Compound fertilizer making equipment, Compound fertilizer making line, compound fertilizer manufacturing, Cow dung as fertilizer, Cow dung fertilizer making machine, Dispose of animal manure, Double Roller Granulator, Dry fertilizer pellet mking machine, Earthworms, Etc, Energy, Enterpreneurship, Fertilizer, fertilizer coater, fertilizer coating machine, Fertilizer Drying Machine, fertilizer equipment, Fertilizer Factory, Fertilizer Granulating Machine, fertilizer granulator, fertilizer making, fertilizer making machine, Fertilizer Plant, fertilizer processing, fertillizer production line, Fiber, Financing, Fun, Governanace & Policy, granular compound fertilizer production equipment, Granulating Machine For Fertilizer, Growing, Health, Healthing & Health, Housing, making bio fertilizer, making organic fertilizer, manure recycling, Manure separator, Nature, NPK fertilizer pelletizer, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer production line, organic fertilizer granulator, Organic fertilizer making line, Organic fertilizer manufacturing, organic fertilizer manufacturing process, Organic Fertilizer Producing, Organic Fertilizer Production, Organic Fertilizer Production Line, organic fertilizer production machine, Organic Fertilizer Wet Granulating, Organic Waste Compost, Pedestrain, Pelletizer Used For Bentonite, Polar Sam, poultry manure pelletizer, powdery organic fertilizer making, Process, Processing, Project Solutions, Recreation, Recycling, Safety Nets, Sequestrattion, Share Your Vision, Shared Stuff, Solid Waste, Time & Money

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Poultry manure drying machine is a type of equipment used for drying poultry manure, which is one of the most commonly used organic fertilizers in agriculture. Poultry manure contains a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other trace elements, which can provide nutrients for crops and improve soil fertility. However, the moisture content of fresh poultry manure is high, which can easily cause environmental pollution and reduce the fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to dry the poultry manure before use.

Poultry manure drying machine can effectively solve the problem of poultry manure drying. The machine is designed with a special structure, which can quickly and efficiently remove the moisture in the manure and make it into a dry and granular form, which is easy to store and transport. The poultry manure drying machine has many advantages, including high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental protection.

The poultry manure drying machine has a unique design that allows it to dry the poultry manure quickly and evenly. The machine is equipped with a high-speed rotating drum, which can continuously stir the manure and break it up into small particles. At the same time, hot air is blown into the drum to evaporate the moisture in the manure. The machine also has a temperature control system, which can automatically adjust the temperature of the hot air to ensure that the manure is dried at the appropriate temperature.

The poultry manure drying machine has a high efficiency in drying poultry manure. Compared with traditional drying methods, such as sun drying and air drying, the poultry manure drying machine can significantly reduce the drying time and improve the drying efficiency. The machine can dry the poultry manure to a moisture content of less than 15%, which meets the requirements of most fertilizer production processes.

The poultry manure drying machine is also energy-efficient. The machine uses a special heat source, such as biomass or natural gas, to provide the heat energy needed for drying. Compared with traditional drying methods that rely on sunlight or electric heating, the poultry manure drying machine can save a lot of energy and reduce the cost of production. At the same time, the machine has a low emission of pollutants and does not produce harmful gases, which can effectively protect the environment.

In addition, the poultry manure drying machine has a wide range of applications. In addition to drying poultry manure, the machine can also be used to dry other organic materials, such as cow dung, pig manure, and sewage sludge. The dried materials can be used as organic fertilizers, fuel, or feed.

In conclusion, the poultry manure drying machine is an essential equipment for modern agriculture. It can effectively solve the problem of poultry manure drying, reduce environmental pollution, and improve fertilizer efficiency. The machine has many advantages, including high efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental protection. With the development of agriculture, the poultry manure drying machine will play an increasingly important role in promoting sustainable agriculture and protecting the environment.

As a supplier of fertilizer making machine, we offer several hot types of poultry manure drying machines. You can check our website to pick this one you like!

Poultry Manure Drying Machine

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Manure Dewatering System


Manure dewatering systems have become increasingly popular in recent years, as more and more farmers are looking for ways to efficiently manage the manure produced by their livestock. These systems are designed to separate the solids from the liquids in the manure, making it easier to handle and transport.

What is a Manure Dewatering System?

A manure dewatering system is a mechanical equipment that separates solid and liquid components from animal manure. The system works by applying pressure to the manure, forcing the liquid to separate from the solids. The liquid component, also known as effluent, is rich in nutrients and can be used as a fertilizer. The solid component, also known as cake, is dry and easier to handle and transport.

Benefits of Manure Separation Machine

Manure dewatering systems have several benefits from our company, including:

  1. Reduced environmental pollution: By separating solid and liquid components, manure dewatering systems prevent the release of harmful pollutants into the environment.
  2. Improved nutrient management: The liquid component of the manure is rich in nutrients and can be used as a fertilizer, while the solid component is easier to handle and transport.
  3. Cost savings: By reducing the volume of manure, dewatering systems reduce the costs of storage, transportation, and disposal.
  4. Increased profitability: The effluent can be used as a fertilizer, reducing the need for commercial fertilizers and increasing crop yields and profits.

Types of Manure Dewatering Systems

There are different types of manure dewatering systems, including centrifuges, belt presses, screw presses, and filter presses. Each type of system has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of system depends on factors such as the volume of manure, the desired degree of separation, and the available space and resources.

Centrifuges

Centrifuges are high-speed machines that use centrifugal force to separate solid and liquid components. They are efficient and can handle large volumes of manure. However, they are expensive to operate and maintain and require a lot of energy.

Belt Presses

Belt presses use a series of belts to squeeze the manure and separate the liquid and solid components. They are efficient and relatively easy to operate, but they are not suitable for handling large volumes of manure.

Screw Presses

Screw presses use a rotating screw to apply pressure to the manure and separate the solid and liquid components. They are efficient and can handle moderate volumes of manure. However, they require regular maintenance and can be expensive to operate.

Filter Presses

Filter presses use a series of plates and frames to squeeze the manure and separate the solid and liquid components. They are efficient and can handle moderate volumes of manure. However, they are expensive to operate and require regular maintenance.

Manure dewatering systems in our company offer an effective solution for farmers looking to manage their manure more efficiently. By separating liquid and solid components, these systems reduce the volume of manure, improve its quality, and reduce odor. With several types of dewatering systems available on the market, farmers can choose the one that best fits their needs and budget. Overall, manure dewatering systems are an essential tool for any farmer looking to manage their manure more effectively while reducing their environmental impact.

Click here:https://www.fertilizerproductionproject.com/manure-separator-for-sale/

Email:info@fertilizerproductionproject.com

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Poultry Manure Composting Equipment Available Online

January 3, 2022

Compost Technology, Composting, Organic Fertilizer Producing, Recycling

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If you have a chicken farm, and you would like to convert chicken manure into fertilizer, you will need composting equipment at your disposal. Depending upon the size of your farm, and the number of chickens that are producing the newer, you may need to get one of the largest systems. Whether you use all of the fertilizer is not important. You can always sell this material to other businesses for a profit. The key is to not allow it to go to waste. That is why obtaining a quality poultry manure composting system is in the best interest of your business. The following information will help you find this equipment which can assist you in converting poultry manure into fertilizer by using the compost.

How Does This Process Work?

The process itself is fairly straightforward. In the production of fertilizer, it begins with compost that must go through a chemical process. Bacteria is also involved. It requires the rotation of the compost to create the fertilizer that can be formed. The composting equipment that you may need will include machines that will rotate the material for you. Finally, once prepared, you can then use a rotary drum fertilizer machine to produce as much as you want. Overall, these can be either very small systems are extremely large ones for enormous chicken farms that produce vast amounts of manure.

Groove Compost Turner for Poultry Manure

Groove composting machine for fermenting poultry manure in the groove.

How To Find The Businesses That Produce Them

The companies that produce these machines are found worldwide. Their production levels, and the capabilities of these machines, can vary from business to business. The amount of time that you spend looking, and the money that you will save, will depend upon the research that you do. By learning more about each manufacturer, and the quality of their products, you can make the best purchase for your company. To find the businesses that produce them, industrial websites are often showcasing some of the top companies. Estimates from these businesses will lead you to the best systems for converting poultry manure into composting organic fertilizer.

Best Machines For Accelerating The Process

Windrow compost turners are perhaps the most unique of all machines for this process. They are designed to literally move through long rows of this material that can be turned over at a fast pace. Designed to work on large and small farming operations, they can help you produce more fertilizer than ever before. It takes just a few minutes to locate these businesses which can offer you this equipment and much more.

If you do need to obtain poultry manure composting making equipment, you now have a few ideas. From the conversion of the manure into compost, and subsequently, into fertilizer, you will need multiple systems for this entire process. It just depends on how much time you have to spend on searching for each company that can sell them to you. Eventually, you will obtain one that is large enough to handle the volume of poultry manure that is being produced at your place of business.

If you have any interest of our poultry manure composting machine, you can click the following link.

https://www.fertilizerfactorymachine.com/poultry-manure-to-compost/

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Why You Should Buy Directly from a Chicken Manure Pellet Machine Manufacturer?

January 2, 2022

fertilizer granulator, organic fertilizer granulator, Recycling

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In the past, manufacturers used to deal with distributors to move their machines to their consumers. It is now easy to buy directly from a manufacturer because of the internet. If you are, therefore, looking for a chicken manure pellet machine, you can buy directly from the manufacturer.

Here are some of the reasons why you should buy a machine directly from a reputable and reliable manufacturer:

1. Get the Best Advice

The manufacturer can give you the best advice on their granulating equipment for chook dung since they are experts in their machines. They design and make them. So, they know all the features and details of their machines.

If you use a distributor, the distributor may not have experience in these machines. They can, therefore, not offer the best advice. It is much easier to trust the advice of the manufacturer.

2. Better Prices

The manufacturer is more likely to give you better prices. In fact, you can get quotes from multiple manufacturers. Compare their quotes to find a manufacturer with better prices.

However, distributors are more likely to charge more money. The distributors usually have huge overhead costs. So, they charge more money to cover their expenses. It is cheaper to buy directly from a manufacturer.

3. After-Sale Service

If you buy directly from the manufacturer, you will contact the manufacturer to solve issues with your chicken waste granules making equipment. The manufacturer will solve these issues.

If you use a distributor, the distributor may tell you to contact the manufacturer for service requests and issues. The distributor may not help you solve these issues. In fact, you may find it difficult to contact the manufacturer since you did not purchase the machine directly from them.

4. It is More Convenience

It is more convenient to buy directly from the manufacturer. It is easy to deal with the manufacturer since they are experts in their machines.

The manufacturer can solve any issues quickly and offer excellent customer service. Once you find a reliable manufacturer, you will have access to their quality machines.

5. Improved Customer Service

A manufacturer has expertise in their machines since they design and make them. You can get the best service from the manufacturer since they are knowledgeable in their machines. If you have issues with your pelleting faclity for chicken farms, you will just contact the manufacturer. The manufacturer can easily address your issues and concerns.

6. Better Shipping

If you use a manufacturer, the manufacturer can send your machine directly to your location. If there is a problem with the shipping, the manufacturer solves it immediately. In most cases, the manufacturer will ensure you get your machine on time. You will never have to wait for long to get your machine. It is much easier to deal with the manufacturer.

In Conclusion

Buying directly from a chook litter organic fertilizer pellet machine manufacturer can give you peace of mind and save you money. This is because you can get better prices and service from the manufacturer.

The manufacturer offers excellent customer service to their customers. Therefore, they can solve issues with your machine quickly.

The following link can help you to know more information of our machine, please click it.

https://fertilizerproductionlines.com/chicken-manure-pelleting-equipment/

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Having The Right Price For A Poultry Pellet Machine


If you’re purchasing equipment that can produce poultry pellets, you’ll desire to make sure you’re able to purchase that machinery for the reasonable price. Keep these tips in your mind when you’re shopping for your equipment, and also you should be able to save.

Poultry Farm Manure

Poultry Farm Manure

Look For A Supplier With Fair Prices

What you’ll pay for a poultry manure pellet machine may vary based on the supplier you want to buy that machine from. As a result, you’ll want to aim to discover a supplier that really works to keep their rates reasonable.

When you’re evaluating a vendor’s prices, you’ll want to take sure there is the complete picture. You should think of what freight costs are likely to be, and you ought to determine if you will find some other hidden fees that you’ll need to cover added to that. Where to find a realiable organic fertilizer machine supplier, here we recommend you sx fertilizer production line for poultry manure disposal.

Pan Granulator for Poultry Manure Pelleting

Pan Granulator for Poultry Manure Pelleting

Make Time To Compare Your Options

Should you rush to generate a purchase like this, it’s likely that you’ll find yourself spending a lot more than you need to. In the event you give yourself enough time to compare different products, however, you’ll find some of the finest deals, which will enable you to cut back in your machine overall.

Why poultry manure are avaiable for pellet making? That is because the litter is in rich of organic matters available for fertilizer.

Some equipment may have a reduced list price than additional options. However, that equipment isn’t necessarily going to be the best buy. In the event you compare products against one another, you’ll find machinery that offers that you simply better deal overall.

Have A Look At Operating Costs

It’s important to take into account what you’ll pay as time passes if you want to invest in machinery similar to this. Should you don’t think of these costs in advance, you could be caught off guard by these expenses in the foreseeable future. You must search for equipment on the right price, but you should also seek out equipment that is certainly inexpensive to keep up.

If you wish to find machinery having a low operating cost, just about the most important matters that you can do is search for equipment that is cost effective. If you’re spending less on utilities, you’ll discover that it’s easier for you to keep your equipment running.

Give Attention To Finding Equipment Which Works For You

The amount of poultry pellets are you going to be producing each day? In case a machine doesn’t meet your production requirements, it’s not much of a smart investment, even if that machine carries a suprisingly low price.

You’ll would like to set an affordable budget and think carefully about what you’re comfortable spending, but you’ll should also have a look at what you require from your machinery. When your needs are clearly defined, you can start comparing prices and finding a number of the options that are most affordable for you personally.

It might be challenging to get the right price for any poultry pellet machine, specifically if you don’t know what you must look for. Thankfully, should you keep this advice at heart, you will be able to make the most of cheap deals and obtain the device you want with an excellent rate.

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The Practice of Lifelong Learning in Different Countries


Since the establishment of the theory of lifelong education, it has been attached great importance by all countries. Channels, and with the principle of lifelong education to restructure and design their own national education system, trying to establish a comprehensive implementation of lifelong education system from kindergarten to university for the aged, from family education to enterprise education.

1. Making Regulations

Through legislation, many countries have established the theory of lifelong education in law as the basic guiding ideology for the development and reform of education in China today and in the future. For example, Japan established the Lifelong Learning Bureau in 1988 and promulgated and implemented the Lifelong Learning Revitalization and Rectification Act in 1990. In the United States, a Lifelong Education Bureau was set up within the Federal Bureau of Education, and the Lifelong Learning Act was enacted and promulgated in 1976. In 1971, the French National Assembly enacted and passed a relatively perfect adult education law, the Lifelong Vocational Education Act, and in 1984 passed a new Vocational Continuing Education Act, which made Supplementary Provisions on some issues. In Korea, lifelong education was written into the Constitution in the early 1980s, and lifelong education policy began to be implemented. Many countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden and Canada have enacted corresponding laws for lifelong education.

2. Incorporating Adult Education

In 1976, the Nairobi Conference adopted the Recommendations on the Development of Adult Education, which proposed that adult education should be part of lifelong education as a whole, and that education should not be limited to the school stage, but should be extended to all aspects of life and to all areas of skills and knowledge. Under the influence of this idea of lifelong education, governments all over the world regard adult education as the forerunner to promote the process of lifelong education, attach great importance to adult education, and ensure the development of adult education by making laws. In 1976, Norway was the first country in the world to adopt the Adult Education Act, which regarded adult education as the basis of lifelong learning system and promoted coordination and cooperation in various fields of adult education. In 1982, Korea enacted the Social (Adult) Education Act and institutionalized social (Adult) education. The education plan adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1973 classifies adult education as the fourth kind of education in parallel with the primary, secondary and higher education of general education. In order to ensure the implementation of adult education, many effective measures have been taken in many countries, such as flexible policies on admission conditions, paid education leave system, economic assistance, and the establishment of adult credit cumulative courses.

3. Opening to the Society

Changing the closed structure of schools and forming an open and flexible educational structure is an important practice in implementing lifelong education in various countries. In 1995, Japan held a “Lifelong Learning Review Conference” composed of well-known people from all walks of life, which required higher education institutions to open their doors to society and widely absorb in-service adults into higher education institutions. Adult universities in Japan have been incorporated into the University plan. Some senior high schools also hold open lectures to make high schools open to the community and play the role of cultural center of the school. In the United States, especially after the 1960s, social colleges aimed at district development have been vigorously developed, and their openness to adults has reached almost no limit. Many universities have set up university opening departments to carry out educational activities for “non-traditional students”. There are also open universities and adult education ministries in the UK, which provide adult education. In many countries in Europe, universities provide opportunities for continuing and returning education through public lectures, adult education centers and correspondence courses.

4. Developing in Various Channels

Many countries consciously incorporate cultural organizations, community organizations, vocational associations, enterprises and institutions into the lifelong education system, making full use of all kinds of resources and facilities with educational strength and value in society, so as to integrate education and society. In 1988, Japan put forward the proposal of “transition to lifelong education system”, developing social education organizations, establishing learning information networks, establishing a lifelong education system integrating family, society and school education, and incorporating various scientific and cultural facilities such as cultural clubs, libraries, museums and activity centers into the scope of education. Many non-educational institutions in the United States, such as prisons, trade unions, the military and hospitals, are also actively engaged in adult education. Many companies also provide training to their employees on a regular basis.
Although all countries have made some achievements in the field of lifelong education, on the whole, lifelong education is still in practice in all countries in the world, and no country has really established a complete lifelong education system.

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Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Water Pollution


Taking the water system as a whole, according to the geographical distribution of towns and industrial and mining enterprises along the coast of the water system, as well as the self-purification capacity, pollution capacity and pollution status of the water system, comprehensive prevention and control measures are taken to prevent and control water pollution. It includes various engineering technology means and management measures, which have the characteristics of integrity, comprehensiveness and regionality.
Comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution is a comprehensive application of various measures to prevent and control water pollution. Prevention and control measures involve two types of engineering and non-engineering, mainly:
(1) Reducing the discharge of wastewater and pollutants, including saving production wastewater, stipulating water quota, improving production technology and management system, increasing the reuse rate of wastewater, adopting new technology without pollution or less pollution, and formulating material quota, etc. For water-deficient cities and industrial and mining areas, regional recycling water and wastewater reuse systems should be developed.
(2) Developing regional water pollution prevention and control systems, including formulating urban water pollution prevention and control plans, river basin water pollution prevention and control management plans, implementing the total amount control system of water pollutant discharge, developing sewage after proper manual treatment for irrigation farmland and reuse for industry, establishing sewage reservoirs without polluting groundwater, and low water. Periodic storage of sewage reduces sewage discharge load and conducts controlled dilution during flood period.
(3) Develop wastewater treatment technologies with high efficiency and low energy consumption to treat wastewater.

Meaning

Comprehensive prevention and control of pollution refers to the comprehensive use of various measures to prevent and control water environmental pollution from the whole point of view. It is very necessary to implement comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution, because China is a country with relatively scarce water resources, and there are two manifestations: one is resource-based water shortage, the other is water-quality-based water shortage. For a long time, the purification treatment of sewage outlet based on point source control can not effectively solve the problem of water pollution. Comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution must be carried out from the overall point of view of the region and water system in order to fundamentally control water pollution and solve the problem of water shortage caused by water quality.

Why do this

The necessity and urgency of comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution are embodied in two aspects: first, the contradiction between water resources shortage and unbalanced supply and demand is prominent, and the serious pollution of water environment makes this contradiction more prominent and urgently needs to be solved;

Why is it so urgent?

Secondly, the purification treatment of sewage outlets based on point source control can not effectively solve the problem of water pollution. Comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution must be carried out from the whole region or water system, and the tail control of point source control should be transferred to the source control in order to control water pollution fundamentally.

Principle

The basic principle of sewage prevention and control is the combination of prevention, treatment and management.

Prevention

Through effective control and preventive measures, the amount of pollutants discharged by pollution sources can be reduced to the minimum.
(1) For industrial pollution sources, the most effective control method is to promote cleaner production. Cleaner production refers to the advanced production technology with the smallest utilization of resources and energy and the least pollution emission. The main technical routes adopted in cleaner production include: reforming raw material selection and product design, replacing toxic and harmful raw materials and products with non-toxic and harmless raw materials and products; reforming production process to reduce consumption of raw materials, water and energy; adopting recycling water system to reduce wastewater discharge; and recycling the usefulness of wastewater. Composition, reduce the concentration of wastewater, etc. Cleaner production advocates life cycle analysis and management of products rather than end-treatment.
(2) For domestic pollution sources, effective measures can be taken to reduce their emissions. Such as promoting the use of water-saving appliances, improving people’s awareness of water-saving, reducing water consumption, thereby reducing domestic sewage discharge.
(3) For agricultural pollution sources, in order to effectively control non-point pollution sources, we must start from “prevention”. Promoting scientific fertilization and rational use of pesticides in farmland can greatly reduce the residual fertilizers and pesticides in farmland, thereby reducing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticides contained in farmland runoff.

Governance

Through various measures to control pollution sources and polluted water bodies, the pollution sources can achieve “standard discharge” and the water environment can achieve the corresponding water quality function.
It is very difficult or almost impossible for pollution sources to achieve zero discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to properly treat polluted (waste) water to ensure that the discharge standards set by the state or local authorities are met before it is discharged into the water body. Great attention should be paid to the relationship between industrial wastewater treatment and municipal wastewater treatment. For industrial wastewater containing acid, alkali, toxic and harmful substances, heavy metals or other special pollutants, local treatment should be carried out in the plant to meet the discharge standards to the water body or the water quality standards to the urban sewer. Those industrial wastewater similar in nature to municipal domestic sewage can be treated together with municipal sewage as a priority. It is not only unnecessary but also uneconomical to set up sewage treatment facilities separately. The design of urban sewage collection system and treatment plant should not only consider the need of water pollution prevention, but also the need to alleviate the contradiction of water resources. In areas where water resources are scarce, the treated municipal wastewater can be reused for agriculture, industry or municipal administration and become stable water resources. In order to meet the needs of wastewater reuse, its collection system and treatment plant should not be too centralized, but should be close to the reuse target.
In addition, according to the characteristics of water pollution, we should actively take physical, chemical, biological engineering and other means to control pollution, so that the deteriorated aquatic ecosystem can be gradually restored.

Management

Strengthen the supervision and management of pollution sources, water bodies and water treatment facilities in order to promote treatment. Pipe also plays an important role in water pollution control. Scientific management includes regular monitoring and inspection of pollution sources, water treatment facilities and sewage treatment plants, and regular monitoring of water environmental quality to provide basis and information for environmental management.

Main methods

Functional zoning of water environment is the basis for comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution
According to the current functions of water environment and the needs of economic and social development, the functional zoning of water environment is based on surface water environmental quality standards, which is the basis of water source protection and water pollution control. For example, the surface water environmental quality standard divides the water area control functions into five categories: Class I is mainly applicable to source water and national nature reserves; Class II is mainly applicable to primary protection areas of centralized drinking water sources, precious fish protection areas, fish and shrimp spawning grounds; Class III is mainly applicable to centralized drinking water sources II. Class IV is mainly suitable for general industrial water use and recreational water areas where human body does not contact directly; Class V is mainly suitable for agricultural water use areas and waters where general landscape requires.

Principles and methods

The principles of division are as follows: priority protection of centralized drinking water source areas; water body should not reduce its current use function, taking into account planning function; water areas with multiple functions should be classified according to the highest function; professional water standard requirements should be considered as a whole; consideration should be given to each other between upstream and downstream areas, with due consideration to potential functional requirements; and rational use of water body itself. Net capacity and environmental capacity; Consider the combination of land industrial rational layout; Consider the impact on underground drinking water sources; Practical and feasible, easy to manage.

Functional zoning method: according to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and seeking truth from facts, according to actual measurement, empirical analysis and administrative decision-making.
Controlling pollution and protecting water sources according to functional areas.

(i) The level of protection shall be defined according to the functions of the waters and the requirements for water pollution control shall be put forward. For example, special protected waters refer to the first and second categories of national Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB3838-2002). No new sewage outlets shall be built for such waters. Existing sewage discharge units shall be strictly controlled by local environmental departments in order to ensure that the water quality of accepted waters meets the water quality standards for specified purposes; and key protected waters shall be protected. It refers to the third class waters stipulated by GB3838-2002, and the first class discharge standards stipulated in the Comprehensive Sewage Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) are applied to the sewage discharged into the waters.
(ii) The total amount control shall be implemented according to the functional areas. The so-called total amount control refers to the maximum allowable emission of some kind of pollution in order to maintain the environmental target value of an environmental functional area. Therefore, water environmental functional zoning is the basis for implementing total water pollution control.
Formulating comprehensive prevention and control plan of water pollution

Main contents and working steps

(i) Based on the investigation and evaluation of water environment, the main problems of water environment are analyzed and determined.
(ii) Division of water pollution control units. According to the analysis conclusion of water environment problems, considering the administrative division, water area characteristics and pollution source distribution characteristics, the source area and receiving water area are divided into water pollution control units.
(iii) Put forward environmental objectives and demonstrate accessibility. At the Fourth Session of the National People’s Congress, the strategic goal of environmental protection across the century was clearly put forward, which is the basis for the goal of comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution. Environmental objectives should include the total amount control objectives of major pollutants and the specific objectives of various sub-items of comprehensive water environment improvement. It is necessary to demonstrate the accessibility of environmental objectives.
(iv) Determine the amount of major pollutant reduction and the proportion of reduction allocation.
(v) To formulate a comprehensive water pollution prevention and control plan and implementation plan.
(vi) Support and guarantee for the implementation of the plan. Including: analysis of sources of funds, formulation of annual plans, implementation of pollutant discharge declaration and registration and pollutant discharge permit system proposals, as well as the necessary technical support.
Several principles that must be adhered to in formulating comprehensive water pollution prevention and control plan
(i) Focusing on economic construction is conducive to the coordinated development of economy and environment.
(ii) Take rational development and utilization of water resources as the core, focusing on the whole process control. By changing the mode of economic growth and promoting cleaner production, pollution can be eliminated in the process of economic reproduction.
(iii) Overall planning, highlighting key points, adapting measures to local conditions and stressing practical results.
(iv) adhering to the principle of comprehensive improvement. Systematic analysis of the planning scheme is needed to achieve overall optimization.

Emission permit system, transition from concentration control to total quantity control

Practice has proved that in carrying out this system, we must follow the following five requirements in the light of China’s current technological level and management system.
(1) Determine the total amount control target from the actual point of view. When it is difficult to determine the environmental capacity of the receiving water body for discharging pollutants, according to the principle of the total amount control plan put forward by the State Environmental Protection Administration in December 1995, the total amount of discharged major water pollutants in 1995 can be regarded as the target total amount, and the proportion of reduction can be determined according to the actual technical and economic level of the region, and allocated to the main body. Pollution sources.
(2) Choose the target of issuing certificates. The main target of issuing permits is the large polluters in the region. A city can catch more than a dozen or dozens of households. It is necessary to select the key control points through investigation and evaluation of pollution sources. For example, Anyang City put forward that we should do a good job of 2, 5 and 8, and control 8 and 9, that is, we should catch 20, 50 and 80 large polluters in batches, and control 70%, 80% and 90% of the city’s water pollution load.

  • Control the total amount of sewage. Measure according to local conditions and control the total amount of sewage.
  • Strengthen environmental supervision and management after issuance of certificates.
  • Pay attention to practical experience and constantly improve the level. In order to implement the sewage discharge permit system, we should first carry out pilot projects, sum up experience and gradually popularize it.
  • But we should also pay attention to the new problems in the process of implementation, such as the paid transfer of pollutant discharge indicators and the trading of pollutant discharge rights.
  • Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Township Enterprises
  • The discharge of industrial wastewater from township enterprises was only 3.9 billion tons in 1997.
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Earthworm 


Earthworms, commonly known as earthworms, also known as Eel, are the representative animals of Oligochaeta in annelida. Earthworms are saprophytic living animals. They live in humid environment and feed on corrupt organic matter. They are full of a large number of microorganisms but seldom get sick. This is related to the unique number of antimicrobial immune systems in these earthworms.
In scientific classification, they belong to unidirectional earthworms. The body is cylindrical (distinct from the cylindrical shape of linear animals), symmetrical on both sides and segmented: it consists of more than 100 segments. After the Eleventh segment, there is a dorsal foramen in the middle of the back of each segment; there is no skeleton, it belongs to invertebrates, with bare body surface and no cuticle. Except for the first two segments of the body, all the other segments have bristles. Hermaphroditism, allogeneic fertilization, reproduction by the ring to produce cocoons, reproduction of the next generation. There are more than 2500 known earthworms. Darwin pointed out in 1881 that earthworms are the most important animal group in the world’s evolutionary history.

Physiological structure

Body wall and secondary body cavity

The body wall of earthworms consists of cuticle, epithelium, circular muscular layer, longitudinal muscular layer and coelomic epithelium. The outermost layer is a single layer of columnar epithelial cells whose secretions form cuticle. The membrane is very thin, consisting of collagen fibers and non-fibrous layers with small holes. Cylindrical epithelial cells were mixed with fine glands cells, divided into mucous cells and protein cells, can secrete mucus and make the body surface moist. Earthworms encounter intense stimulation. Mucous cells secrete a large amount of mucus to wrap the body into a mucous membrane, which has a protective effect. Epithelial cells have short basal cells at the base, and some people think that they can develop into columnar epithelial cells. Sensory cells aggregate to form sensory organs and disperse between epithelial cells. The nerve fibers of a thin layer of nerve tissue under the epithelium are connected at the base. In addition, there are photoreceptor cells, the base of epithelium, also connected with the nerve fibers below it.

The muscles of earthworms belong to the twill muscles, which generally account for about 40% of the body volume. They are well-developed and flexible. When the longitudinal muscular layer of some segments of the earthworm contracts and the circular muscular layer relaxes, the segment becomes thicker and shorter, and the retracted bristles born on the body wall obliquely extend into the surrounding soil; at this time, the circular muscular layer of the former segment contracts, the longitudinal muscular layer relaxes, the segment becomes thinner and longer, and the bristles retract, thus breaking away from the surrounding soil. The bristle support of the latter segment pushes the body forward. In this way, the contraction wave of muscles gradually passes forward and backward along the longitudinal axis of the body.

The coelomic compartment is separated by the septum according to the body segment, and each compartment is connected with a small hole. Each body chamber is formed by the development of left and right two body sacs. The medial part of the sac formed visceral membranes, while the dorsal and ventral parts formed dorsal and peritoneal mesenteries. In earthworms, the mesentery of the abdomen degenerates, only part between the intestine and the abdominal vessels exists, while the mesentery of the back disappears. The part between the anterior and posterior coelomic sacs is closely together, forming a septum. Some species have no septum in the esophagus.

Digestive system

The digestive tract runs longitudinally in the central part of the body cavity and passes through the septum. The muscular layer of the wall of the digestive tract is well developed, which can improve peristalsis and digestive function. The digestive tract is differentiated into mouth, mouth, throat, esophagus, sand sac, stomach, intestine and anus. The mouth can be turned out from the mouth to ingest food. The pharyngeal muscles are well developed, the muscles contract, and the pharyngeal cavity enlarges to support feeding. There is a single-cell pharyngeal gland outside the pharynx, which secretes mucus and proteinase, moisturizes food and has a preliminary digestive effect. After pharynx, there is a short and thin esophagus with esophageal glands on its wall. It can secrete calcium and neutralize acidic substances. The back of the esophagus is a muscular sand sac (gizzard), lined with a thick cutin membrane, which can grind food. From mouth to sand sac, the ectoderm is formed and belongs to foregut. The digestive tract behind the sand sac is rich in microvessels and glands, which is called stomach. There is a circle of gastric glands in front of the stomach, which functions like pharyngeal glands. The digestive tract enlarges to form the intestine, and its dorsal central fovea enters into a blind canal (typhlosole), which enlarges the area of digestion and absorption. Digestion and absorption are mainly performed in the intestine. The outermost visceral membranes of the intestinal wall specialize into yellow cells. Since the 26th body segment, a pair of conical cecum (caeca) extending forward from both sides of the intestine can secrete a variety of enzymes, which are important digestive glands. The stomach and intestine originate from the endoderm and belong to the midgut. The posterior intestine is relatively short, accounting for about 20 body segments in the posterior end of the digestive tract. It has no blind passage and no digestive function. Open to the body through the anus. The digestive system of earthworms consists of more developed digestive ducts and glands. The digestive ducts are composed of oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, crop sac, sand sac, stomach, small intestine, cecum, rectum and anus.

Circulatory system

Earthworms are very special. Like their body segments without obvious merger, their hearts are also divided into several segments in the front of the body, generally 4-5, which are circular, like enlarged blood vessels, so they are also called circular blood vessels. The dorsal side of the annular heart is connected with the dorsal blood vessel from the back to the front, and the ventral side is connected with the abdominal blood vessel from the front to the back. The abdominal blood vessel and its branches are connected with the inferior nerve blood vessel from the front to the back. The annular heart has thicker muscular walls than blood vessels and pulsates. There are also valves that open unilaterally to ensure blood flow from the dorsal to the abdominal vessels. Generally speaking, the blood flow is powered by the pulsation of these independent annular hearts. The direction of blood flow is from back to front (in the dorsal vessels), from back to abdomen (in the annular heart), and from front to back (abdominal vessels and subnervous vessels).
Respiration and Excretion
The excretory organs of earthworms are posterior renal tubules. In general, each segment has a pair of typical posterior renal tubules.

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